Treating Deer Worm Infection in Goats
No controlled studies have determined the best treatment for goats and sheep infected with meningeal deer worm. We know more about deer worm in llamas and alpacas (camelids) than in goats or sheep. The recommended method for treating deer worm infection in goats and sheep therefore derives mainly from studying and treating camelids.
The key to successfully treating a goat is to start as soon as signs of deer worm infection first appear. When in doubt, I’d rather immediately start treatment than wait until I feel more certain the goat truly has deer worm infection.
Treatment Protocol
Here is how I successfully treated two of my Nubians with deer worm infection. This protocol has been verified by several veterinarians who are knowledgeable about treating deer worm infection in goats.
• Fenbendazole (Panacur or Safeguard) — given by mouth once a day at the rate of 25 ml per 100 pound body weight for 5 days. The purpose is to kill deer worm in the spinal cord.
• Vitamin E — given by mouth at the rate of 500 to 1000 units once a day for 14 days. The purpose is to help restore normal neuromuscular function.
• Dexamethasone — (a corticosteroid requiring a prescription) given as directed by the prescribing veterinarian. The purpose is to reduce inflammation in the central nervous system.
Migration of deer worm larvae into the central nervous system causes inflammation. So does the presence of dead larvae killed during treatment. An anti-inflammatory therefore is important to reduce pain and to prevent the animal’s condition from getting worse. However, dexamethasone may induce abortion in pregnant does or ewes. An alternative for pregnant females is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prescription drug flunixin (Banamine).
Recovery Period
Additional to treatment with drugs, the affected animal may also require physical therapy to help restore muscle function. Therapy might include muscle massages and flexing of the limbs to improve flexibility. Also important is encouraging the animal to move around and making sure it doesn’t rest in one position for long periods.
Despite this recommended regimen, treatment doesn’t always work. Whether or not an infected animal recovers, or survives at all, depends on how many larvae it ingested and the severity of its condition before treatment begins.
The best chance for success is to start treatment early in the course of the infection. A goat that can stand on its own when treatment begins has a much better chance to recover. Once the disease progresses to the point that the goat can no longer stand, it has little chance for survival.
A seriously affected animal may take weeks or months to recover, requiring a great deal of patience and perseverance. Although a survivor may have permanent neurologic issues, it may still remain otherwise healthy and productive.
Meat Goats & Sheep
According to Mary C. Smith, DVM, of Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine: Because of the long meat withdrawal periods for the treatments used, with no certainty that the animal will improve, slaughter for human (or farm dog) consumption may be the correct economical choice for meat goats and sheep.
Dr. Smith suggests this option for a goat or sheep with only spinal cord, not brain, signs. And the animal must be observed for a week or more to be sure it does not have rabies. (Rabies is extremely rare in goats and sheep, and typically results in death within five days.) A veterinarian should be involved to determine that the signs are limited to those of spinal cord injury and that the goat has no other diseases.
So we have a goat getting treatment for menengeal worms. He was able to walk on his own and could stand on his own prior to treatment. Today is the final day of the wormer and shot. He is not standing on his own, nor could I get him up yesterday or today. He is eating fine, and has been drinking water. I feel like the dead worms may be causing more issues. Have you seen a goat get worse with treatment – then recover? This guys is a fighter, I am really struggling with his lack of mobility.
The longer a goat is off its legs, the less likely it will recover. Nerve damage plus atrophy of the muscles make getting up difficult for an infected goat, and most of us don’t have the equipment to hoist a heavy goat onto its legs and/or to engage in physical therapy to restore muscle strength — assuming nerve damage allows the animal to walk at all. That’s why it’s so essential to start treatment at the first hint that the goat doesn’t seem to move just right. And it’s why I get angry every time I see deer jump our fences to graze in the goat paddocks. I’m truly sorry to learn about your buck. It’s a heart breaker, for sure.
how much Dex? I have some but no dosage on the bottle for goats.
I use 1 cc per 100 pounds.
I have had a large herd of goats for the past 20 years. I have had my share of deer worm infections to deal with, some treated successfully, some lived but walked with stiff back legs, some I had to put down. I used basically the same protocol you describe here. This year I have had 3 goats with symptoms that I have never seen before – seizures! I suspect it was deer worm but there was not the typical backend weakness. While seizing the goat reaches forward with its back leg as if it has an unbearable itch in its ear and needs to scratch it. I saw where you had described the itching in your article and put 2 and 2 together: was this also brain worm? I don’t know. One 6 month old doeling seized and died. One yearling doeling seized several times over several weeks, each time getting worse till it was slamming its head on the ground. I put her down. The 3rd was an older doe, yesterday, that seized while I was trimming her hooves in the head gate. I didn’t wait, I put her down. Right now I am treating my buck for deer worm as he as typical weakness in the backend. He is able to get up and down and goes out to pasture and back everyday so I am hopeful. He is only 4 years old. As far as the goats seizing, I read that groundhog ticks and blacklegged ticks can cause seizures and they are found here. Other than that I haven’t found anything I my research that causes seizures in goats. What are your thoughts? 74 Kiko goats, 113 acres, southwest PA
Seizures indicate a serious illness. You need to get a vet involved. Here are a few links:
Seizures in Goats: Neurologic Emergencies and Common Causes
Understanding How to Prevent and Treat Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in Sheep and Goats
How Can You Prevent Seizures in Goats Effectively?
Some of us don’t have a vet anywhere near them and if we do they know nothing about goats and are not willing to examine or treat. My vet shrugs her shoulders and says “I don’t know”. Lots of us are on our own to figure things out by researching and scouring the internet and asking questions. Since every goat on my farm has been vaccinated for CD/T and footrot and has had BOSe annually and have been on full pasture, no concentrate since mid April and has been dewormed on a regular basis and there is no Poison Hemlock in my pastures I am left scratching my head. And I am continuing to observe my goats. One thing I want to advise other goat farmers about deer worm is to contact your Game Commission and see if you are qualified for the crop damage program. If so you can legally shoot deer anytime of the year because of the damage they do to your goats or hayfields (your crop).